Concentration of Anionic starch Solution in Paper Surface Sizing on Physical and Strength Properties of Recycled Paper
shokofeh
elyasi
M.Sc., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
hosein
Jalali Torshizi
Assistant Professor, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Surface sizing of paper by anionic starch were carried out with the aim of its concentration effect on physical and strength properties of recycled paper. For this, hand sheets (100 GSM) of mixed recycled pulp containing 1% cationic starch were prepared and were treated by the sizing agent on the sheet surface at various concentration (0, 3-10%). Application and concentration increment of the starch solution caused its higher retention on the surface and lesser penetration into the paper structure (Z direction), contributed to the better hydrophobicity of sized paper and significantly reduction in water absorption of the paper, with the highest reduction in the Cobb test up to the solution concentration of 5%. Also, the results revealed that regarding to absorption and its increment into the paper surface combined to penetration to the paper thickness, strength properties of bending stiffness, burst and tensile indices have been increased which the improvement rate were more predominant up to the 5% cons. Penetration of a part of sizing agent into the porous structure of paper and resulted improvement in fiber bonding are possible and probable, that higher concentration and viscosity of the starch solution contributed to the lesser penetration and bonding formation with higher retention on the paper surface which resulted in continuous improvement in paper smoothness. With the sizing solution thickening, tear index decreased due to starch film formation on the paper surface with brittle character. In general, increasing of the anionic starch solution up to the 5% could be reported as an optimum level.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
487
497
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_16812_cddda5f683fa9745fcf1e1799d6ac079.pdf
Determination of Effective Criteria for location Selection of WPC Plants from agricultural residues in Iran by AHP Technique
hasan
alizadeh
Ph.D Student of Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
nematollah
mohebi
Ph.D of Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
mohammad mahdi
Faezipoor
Professor of Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
majid
azizi
Professor of Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
This study was aimed at determining the effective criteria for location selection of WPC Plants from agricultural residues in Iran. For this purpose, after review and studies papers and books, Six criteria" products and materials, regulations, technical and human, economic, infrastructure and environmental and also 30 sub-criteria were identified. The priority rates of these criteria and sub-criteria were evaluated by AHP technique. The results indicated that among 30 effective sub-criteria in location selection of the WPC plants from agricultural residues, amount of wastes supply (0.087), continuity of wastes supply, cost of wastes supply, amount of sales and export, granted facilities and less Hazards for the environment and forest had the highest priorities, which were rated as 0.071, 0.067, 0.065, 0.064 and 0.062 respectively.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
499
510
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19228_751963ad0df7b6ff9896f65bceae3497.pdf
Wood anatomy and physical and chemical properties of fast growing Athel tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla L.)
Reza
oladi
Assistant Prof., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
rahmatollah
gorgij
Ph.D. student, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
mohammad
emaminasab
Ph.D. student, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
saedeh
Nasiriani
M.Sc. Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Athel tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) is a fast growing, evergreen tree succeeding in the most soils and can tolerate the saline conditions. Despite its ecological importance and wide distribution in central and southern parts of Iran, wood properties of this species has little been concerned. However, the potential of this species in cellulosic industries of Middle East dry countries has recently been focused. Hence, to study wood anatomy and physical and chemical properties of Athel tamarisk, 3 stands were selected and felled from the Zabol region (Sistan and Baluchestan province). Wood anatomical features of this species were studied and listed according to the list of microscopic features for hardwood identification by IAWA Committee. In addition, lignin distribution in xylem was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Calculating fiber biometry features assessed that although fiber quality is not perfect but meets the standards of paper production, comparing other commercially used hardwoods in this industry. According to chemical composition analysis, cellulose content of this wood is rather low (39%) which could be a result of large amount of thin-walled paranchyma cells in xylem. Lignin content is a bit higher than average hardwoods and this component is concentrated in vessels and fibers. Physical properties of studied wood samples (specific gravity and shrinkage values) were in the range of other light-weight and fast growing hardwoods and thus this wood is expected to have similar end-use quality.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
511
522
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19237_0e46faf3b6373e416064880fea7261b1.pdf
Application of cellulosic nanofibers to replace with imported long- fiber pulps in paper made from bagasse
Reza
ghofran
MSc student, Wood and Paper Industries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
author
mohammadhadi
Moradian
Assistant professor, Wood and Paper Industries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
author
mohammad ali
Saadatnia
Assistant professor, Wood and Paper Industries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
author
pejhman
Rezayati Charani4
Assistant professor, Wood and Paper Industries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
In this research, different additives of cellulose nanofibers, cationic starch and polyacrylamide to bagasse pulp and their impact on the handsheet strengths were investigated aiming to replace with imported long-fiber softwood pulp in Pars paper factory. For this purpose, first 3% bleached bagasse cellulose nanofibers, 3% unbleached nano-lignocellulosic fibers, 0.5, 0.7 and 1% cationic starch, and 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1% cationic polyacrylamide were added separately to bagasse pulp. In the next stage,3% bleached bagasse cellulose nanofibers and 3% unbleached nano-lignocellulosic fibers along with 0.5% cationic starch or 0.05% cationic polyacrylamide were used. The results showed, adding nano-cellulose fibers along with cationic polyacrylamide or starch have increased handsheet strengths significantly. Yet, the best treatment was the addition of 3% nano-lignocellulose along with 0.5% cationic starch which resulted in the higher tensile and burst strengths and lower tear and fold strengths than that of adding 12.5% long fibers to bagasse pulp. So that, comparing with paper made from pure bagasse pulp it showed the increase of 16.57% in tensile index, 8.47% in burst index, 9.77% in tear index, and 168.85% in folding strength.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
523
536
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19836_0a67c06d25678890b03cb6d62a068542.pdf
The effect of using waste newspaper in surface layers on physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard
vahid
vaziri
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Gonbad Kavous University
author
majid
salari
M.Sc. Graduated of Wood Composite Products, Gonbad Kavous University
author
hedayatallah
Aminian
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Gonbad Kavous University
author
laya
Jamalirad
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Gonbad Kavous University
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from recycled newspaper in the surface layers were investigated. Coarse and fine wood chips and recycled newspaper with dimension of 0.5 × 4 cm2 were used. The variable in this research were the ratio of recycled newspaper to wood chips (at five levels; 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, 60:40). Urea formaldehyde resin used at 10% content on dry weight basis of the wood particles and newspaper and ammonium chloride was used as a catalyst to 2% of the dry weight of adhesive. Physical and mechanical properties of panels measured according to EN Standard. The results showed that panels containing recycled newspapers at the level of 45% had the highest bending strength and modulus of elasticity. Internal bonding and screw holding strength decreased with increasing of recycled newspaper and control sample had the highest strength. Water absorption and thickness swelling increased with increasing of recycled newspaper portion. On the basis of results of this study can be concluded that particleboard containing recycled newspapers in the surface layers up to the level of 30% can be used for general purpose boards and interior fitments (including furniture) for use in dry conditions.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
537
547
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19907_1d19f2731ea74c3d9758352eda78f8a3.pdf
Effects of washing method on the bagasse pulping characteristics by Sulfur Dioxide- Ethanol-Water (SEW) process
aliasghar
tatari
M.Sc. Graduate in pulp and paper industry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
mohammadreza
Dehghani Firouzabadi
Associate Professor in pulp and paper industry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
ahmadreza
Saraeyan
Associate Professor in pulp and paper industry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
mohammadhadi
Aryaie Monfared
Assistant Professor in pulp and paper industry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
rahim
Yadollahi
Ph.D. Student in pulp and paper industry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
text
article
2017
per
SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) pulping can be considered a hybrid between solvent and acid sulfite pulping processes. Recently this process in order to separation the principal components (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) have been considered. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of washing method on the bagasse pulping characteristics by acidic fractionation of Sulfur Dioxide- Ethanol-Water (SEW). Variables included two washing pulp methods (water and 40 v/v% ethanol-water solutions), pulping duration (30-100 min.), and temperature (120 and 135 OC). Then, pulps were washed twice with 40% v/v ethanol-water at 60°C (L: W 2 L kg-1) and with deionized water at room temperature (L: W 20 L kg-1). The results showed that the final yield pulp due to lignin greater solubility in 40 v/v % ethanol-water compared to conventional systems (washing by water) decreased that the diminishing returns are statistically significant at the 1% level. Pulping result at 120 and 135 °C at different time period showed that increase in the pulping duration, kappa number is reduced.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
549
559
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20174_8a23b73a52e9ab4a4b2be44423320b50.pdf
study of antibacterial effects and physical characters of paper coated with nanoclay and homogenized nanoclay
elyas
afra
Associate Professor, department of pulp and paper industries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
parvaneh
Narchin
PhD candidate, department of pulp and paper industries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2017
per
Antibacterial papers such as food packaging papers are important for human health. In this study, with the aim of the production of environmentally friendly antibacterial paper, nanoclay was selected as a productive agent of antibacterial effect. Since the effectiveness of nanoclay depends on the amount of its negative charge, nanoclay was homogenized using a homogenizer until be processed a homogeneous structure with more negative charge. Due to the negativity of charge of fibers and clay nanoparticles, Nanoclays was combined with starch at levels of 1, 3 and 4%, and the suspension was applied to on surface of the paper as an overlay using Auto Bar Coater. Antibacterial and physical properties of papers were evaluated. The results showed that nanoclays had a significantly effect on inhibiting the growth of bacteria and were able to reduce the growth of bacteria even at low levels of consumption. Water absorption of papers decreased and their resistance to air increased. Hence it can be said that homogenized nanoclay can be a desirable factor in the production of packaging papers with low water absorption, high resistance to air and resistant to bacterial microorganisms.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
561
572
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20223_35b0f052997288c5a2a97defbe575368.pdf
Identifying and prioritizing indicators and effective solutions to optimization the use of wood in construction classical furniture by using AHP (Case study of Qom)
Mohammad
Ghofrani
Associate professor, Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Civil Engineering Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
author
abbas
zare
Graduate student, Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Civil Engineering Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
author
majid
azizi
Professor, Wood and Paper Science and Technology, College of Natural Recourses, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the indicators and provide effective solutions to optimize the use of wood in construction classical furniture using the analytic hierarchy process (case study in Qom). For this purpose, studies and results of other researchers and interviews with experts, the factors affecting the optimization of wood consumption were divided into 4 main categories and 23 sub-indicators. The importance of the sub after getting feedback furniture producers were determined by AHP. The results show that the original surface design and human resources are of great importance. In addition, among 23 sub-effective optimization of the use of wood in construction classical furniture, ergonomics, style, skill training and inlaid in classical furniture industry in order to weight the value of 0/247, 0/181, 0/124 and 0/087 are of paramount importance and the method of use of force specialist solutions were a priority.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
573
589
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20321_a84b7906d1dbd06422eaf3ea4ca9d8c1.pdf
Comparing the impact of climate variables on healthy and declined masses of oak (Quercus brantti Lindl) in the “Khorram Abad” city
Ladan
Poursartip
Assistant Professor of Behbahan khatam Alanbia University of Technology
author
sedigheh
Naseri Karimvand1
M.Sc. Student of Behbahan khatam Alanbia University of Technology
author
mostafa
moradi
Assistant Professor of Behbahan khatam Alanbia University of Technology
author
javad
susani
Assistant Professor of Lorestan University
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study, using dendroclimatology (a branch of the science of dendrochronology), the impact of climate variables on normal masses and declined oak in the city “Khorram Abad” was studied. After the selection of 12 samples from healthy trees and 12 trees from declined ones, breast height (1.30 m) discs were prepared. Then, the samples were scanned and ring width was measured using Corel Draw software. Using TSAP and ARSTAN softwares, cross dating between samples were done and chronology was prepared respectively. From the nearest meteorological station, rainfall and temperature data obtained and their effects on growth rings of trees was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study showed that both chronologies were equally affected by climatic factors. The temperature during the growing season and before it has a similar effect on both chronologies. Until 2010, the growth of trees is almost the same, but from this year onwards, curve of declined trees identified a drop in growth, probably due to the impact of pests and the deterioration in the trees. From this year onwards, despite the significant increase in precipitation, compared with previous years, increasing growth of the declined trees was not found and this means that due to the factors causing deterioration and thus reduce the activity of cambium, the trees have lost their re-growth and even with the improvement of environmental conditions, there was no possibility of resuming growth.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
591
600
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20334_c35451d06e4e6786bc40367643372ce9.pdf
Effect of cell wall modification of styrene wood polymer with maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate on thermal stability, mechanical behavior and biological resistance of composite
maryam
ghorbani
Associate Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
author
Farzaneh
Heydari
M. Sc. Student, Department of Wood and paper, Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I.R. Iran.
author
seyed Majid
Zabihzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
This research was investigated the effect of maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate on thermal stability, mechanical behavior and biological resistance of hornbeam wood polymer containing styrene monomer. Impregnation was performed by vacuum- pressure method using cylinder experimental. Maleic anhydride treated samples were heated in oven for 4 hours at 120ºC. After the impregnation with styrene monomer, polymerization was performed in oven at 90ºC for 24 hours, and at 103±2ºC for the same time subsequently. Bulking of modified wood with maleic anhydride, the presence of styrene in the cell cavities, and interaction between polymer and cell wall through modification with maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The branch structure in the reaction of styrene, glycidyl methacrylate and maleic anhydride by wood was resulted in improve the thermal stability of composite. Weight gain due to modification in styrene samples was increased from 24.69% to 42.83 and 44.42 in maleic anhydride/styrene and maleic anhydride/styrene/glycidyl methacrylate samples, respectively. The lowest porosity was in maleic anhydride/styrene/glycidyl methacrylate level with 21% value. The highest improve of mechanical properties was indicated in maleic anhydride/styrene/glycidyl methacrylate level compared to control. Maleic anhydride with double bonds and carboxylate group was showed high reactivity by wood and polymer. Also, difunctional glycidyl methacrylate monomer caused better adhesion of polymer to cell wall through the reaction by hydroxyl group or maleic anhydride and styrene monomer. Significant improve of mechanical properties of modified levels can attributed to interaction of polymer complex with modified cell walls and uniform distribution of polymer in cell lumens. Cell wall modification with maleic anhydride and presence of glycidyl methacrylate were prevented the fungi mycelium development through reduce and blocking of hydroxyl groups and changing the hollocellulose structure, and the presence of polymer in wood as a hard physical barrier.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
601
614
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20344_17ff2cf99f763a547a3b28dc1e3a9ee0.pdf
Measurement of Fiber Saturation Point of Wood Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry: Measurement Fundamentals and Experimental Results
asghar
tarmian
Associate professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science & Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In this research, the measurement fundamentals of fiber saturation point (FSP) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method were explained. This method is based on the assumption that free water is frozen but bound water remains unfrozen in low temperatures. Thus, the FSP can be calculated by measuring the enthalpy of melting of frozen wet samples. This method measures the amount of energy absorbed or released by a sample when it is heated or cooled. Results showed that the DSC method may yield a higher FSP value compared to the widely accepted value of 30%, depending on the wood species. Both thermal and chemical (acetylation) modification methods reduced the FSP but in the acetylation method, there was no linear correlation between the weight gain percentage (WPG) and FSP.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
615
623
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20362_0f8ba232772aa17a6054acddc25477a4.pdf
Effect of fungal pre-treatment of poplar chips on its paper brightness reversion
Esmaeil
Rasooly Garmaroody
Assistant Prof., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
hossein
fooladi
M.Sc., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
seyed rahman
Djafari Petroudy
Assistant Prof., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Mazandaran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Unbleached Kraft pulp made from poplar chips, Pre-treated by Trametes versicolor in 1, 2 and 3 weeks (Bio-Kraft pulp), was used as raw material in this study. Mentioned pulp after each step of bleaching, in ECF method at DED sequence, characterized in the lignin content, and effective groups on the brightness reversion (Carbonyl, carboxyl and Hexenuronic acid). In order to evaluation of brightness reversion, 60 g/m2 standard handsheets made from above pulps treated in thermal and UV ageing and then measured its brightness. Results showed that by increasing in pre-treatment time, in all bleached treatments, lignin content increased excluding D1 step in 3-weeks pre-treatment; Carbonyl groups was the lowest content in 1-week pre-treatment (third step) and 2-weeks pre-treatment (first step) and carboxyl groups and hexenuronic acid decreased after 3 step sequence bleaching. Effect of thermal pre-treatment ageing on brightness reversion considerably more than UV treatment. Also, paper from pre-treated chips in 1 and 2 weeks had minimum brightness reversion and paper from 3-weeks fungal pre-treatment chips had maximum brightness reversion due to more carbonyl and Hex-A. In this respect, 2-weeks pre-treatment time confirmed for fungal pre-treatment.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
625
635
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20483_72c7226da4e738ceae53e4ebe2d0825d.pdf
Cover page
text
article
2017
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_25106_e89eb08cfa8bceda3c6e2ce6e0d9b37e.pdf
Abstracts
text
article
2017
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
4
no.
2017
497
635
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_25116_eade22f427a81cb8c8ec8eb369f3f830.pdf