Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Preparation from Mixed Office Wastepaper Deinked and Bleached Bagasse pulps: Characterization and Comparison
hasan
mehdikhani
M.Sc. student, Cellulose and Paper Technology Dept., Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
author
حسین
جلالی ترشیزی
هیات علمی گروه فناوری سلولز و کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی فناوری های نوین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
seyed rahman
jafari petroudi
Assistant Professor, Cellulose and Paper Technology Dept., Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
author
seyed ahmad
mirshokrsyi
Professor, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University., Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the most important cellulose derivatives, is widely and increasingly used in industries as emulsifier, stabilizer, disperser, thickener, and gelling agent. The main raw material of the cellulose derivative is cellulose from wood and cotton linter. However, lack of the fiber resources, especially in Iran, gradually grown interest on other available fiber resources such as agricultural waste and recycled fibers, as alternative cellulose resources. Bagasse pulp as a non-wood fiber and mixed office wastepaper deinked pulp as a recycled fiber were carboxymethylated in aqueous alkaline medium using mono chloro acetic acid (MCA) as etherifying agent under identical conditions. Then, this paper explores the production feasibility of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from the unusual pulps combined with the comparison. The chemical composition of the pulps were determined; include α-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash content, water retention value, intrinsic viscosity, carboxyl group and pH. α-cellulose content as the most important character of the derivatization was 84.66% in DIP and 71.33% in bagasse pulp. DIP non-polysaccharide compound (lignin, Ext. and ash) was 5.92% compared to 2.36% for bagasse pulp. Cellulose carboxymethylated were done and the degree of substitution (DS), viscosity, purity, pH and yield of the prepared CMC was also determined and found to be dependent upon the source of the cellulose pulp. Viscosity and purity were higher in CMC produced from DIP (981 cPs and 93%, resp.) compared to the bagasse pulp (680 cPs and 87.33% resp.), which is attributed to its originally higher α-cellulose content. Yield and D.S were higher in CMC prepared from bagasse (168.8% and 0.57 resp.) compared to DIP (155% and 0.45 resp.), which are originated from lower crystallinity and molecular mass compound in bagasse, resulted in higher substitution of carboxymethyl groups.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
311
321
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19227_3e9c2352dd26296c401242f79471a1c9.pdf
The effect of tension wood on roughness of poplar wood and its modification by steaming
اصغر
طارمیان
دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
author
سحر
قریشی
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
author
علی
کریمی
استاد گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
author
رضا
اولادی
استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
In this research, the effect of tension wood on the roughness of poplar wood in tangential and radial sections was investigated. Steaming at120 ̊C for 30 and 60 min was aslo applied to reduce the roughness. The potential use of roughness measurement technique for macroscopically detection of tension wood was one of the main objectives of this research. Before roughness measurement and for accurate sampling, the detection of tension wood was carried out using Herzberg reagent and microscopic studies. The roughness of samples was measured by stylus profilometer at 12 % moisture content and the surface quality was also studied by stereo-microscope. Results showed that there is no significant difference in the radial and tangential roughness between tension and normal wood. No difference was also observed between the roughness of tangential and radial sections of both types of woods. In contrast, stereo-microscopic studies clearly showed the higher roughness of tension wood. Steaming for 30 min increased the roughness but the treatment for 60 min had a decreasing effect on the roughness of both types of woods. Overall, it can be concluded that the roughness measurement technique cannot be used as a suitable method to nondestructively detect the poplar tension wood.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
323
333
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19226_aa04a098eb9a1cb221a887ae4411ede9.pdf
Investigation adding of Nano clay particles and compatibilizer on the properties of composite made of polypropylene- Haloxylon wood flour
afsaneh
shahraki
M.Sc of wood composite product, zabol university, Iran
author
babak
nosrati sheshkel
Assistant professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Iran
author
rahim
mohebi gargari
Lecturer, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Iran
author
majid
abdouss
Associate Professor, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This study, with aim of investigation the effect of Nano clay particles and amount of compatibilizer on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites from the polypropylene- Haloxylon wood flour was done. For this purpose, Haloxylon wood flour with 50% weight ratio with polypropylene were mixed. Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene maple to compatibilizer at two levels and Nano clay at three levels to filler were used. Mixed process of materials in extruding machine was done and test specimens were fabricated by using the injection molding machine. Then, the mechanical tests include bending, tension and impact and physical tests include water absorption and thickness swelling according to the ASTM standards was done on the samples. For investigation to how operation of compatibilizer from Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Morphological study of Nano composites with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done. The result showed that with addition of the amount of Nano clay particles to 4 percent, physical and mechanical properties were improved, but impact strength decreased. Also by adding the compatibilizer, physical and mechanical properties were improved. The results of Infrared spectroscopy showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) Due to linkage with Maleic Anhydride and the formation of ester groups decreased with adding the compatibilizer. Also, investigation the morphology of Nano composite by X-ray diffraction showed that the distribution of clay nanoparticles in polymeric matrix was intercalation and with adding of the amount Nano clay the distance between layers increases. The results of scanning electron microscopy was also showed improvement in the interface between the fibers and the polymer matrix with adding the compatibilizer.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
335
348
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19229_f9ef9a5f8a967dfd9e56969a30d3f18d.pdf
Effect of Bagasse Chemical Pulping and Coupling Agent on the Physical - Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on Bagasse pulp/Low density polyethylene
maryam
allahdadi
MSc, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
sahab
hejazi
Associate Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
mahdi
jonoobi
Assistant Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
ali
abdolkhani
Associate Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
laya
jamalirad
Assistant Professor., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of gonbad kavous, Gonbad kavous, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this research, effect of reinforcing bagasse pulp and raw bagasse fibers and applying coupling agent MAPE (Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene) on physical-mechanical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were studided. Fresh bagasse were collected from an experimental field in Khuzestan and after investigating anatomy and chemical properties of Different pulp fibers including monoethanolamine (MEA) bagasse pulp, alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone (AS) bagasse pulp, bleached soda (BS) bagasse pulp, unbleached soda (UNS) bagasse pulp and raw bagasse fibers (B) were prepared. Then, composites with 30wt.% fiber content were manufactured by twin-screw extrusion followed by compression molding processing. The mechanical and physical properties of these composites were analyzed and compared. Results revealed that the chemical pulping dissolved a fraction of lignin and hemicelluloses so that the linkage potential and aspect ratio of bagasse fibers was improved and consequently, as compared with the raw bagasse fibers, bagasse pulp fibers have better reinforcing capability. The best overall properties were achieved with MEA and AS/AQ fibers. Addition of 5% (wt/wt) of coupling agent MAPE resulted in a significant enhancement in the tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength in line with the improvement of the fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion making more effective the transfer of stress from the matrix to the rigid reinforcement.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
349
362
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19230_cb811adfdef428595f94274a4b371f32.pdf
Comparison the performance of different catalysts in chemical modification of Poplar wood with Glutaraldehyde
ندا
اسماعیلی
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
مریم
قربانی
دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه مهندسی چوب و کاغذ
author
pouriya
beparva
Assistant Professor., Department of Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, the effect of different catalysts on chemical modification of poplar wood and physical properties of the resulting product was evaluated. 12.5% HCl and water soluble salts containing ZnCl2, CaCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2 (based on the weight of glutaraldehyde) and 1% Al2O3, SiO2 and ZnO nano particles (based on the weight of glutaraldehyde) were used. After heating in oven for 48 hour, modification with glutaraldehyde and MgCl2, ZnO nano particles, SiO2, Al2O3, ZnCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2 and HCl as catalysts were resulted to 14.5, 12.57, 10.62, 8.69, 8.51, 7.19, 5.97 and 5.41 % weight gain respectively. After 24h soaking in water, the physical properties of modified specimens, such as water absorption, volume swelling and ASE were measured. The highest and lowest bulking were calculated for Mgcl2 and Hcl catalysts with 6.98 and 2.37% respectively. The modification in presence of Mgcl2 catalyst was shown highest increase of density with average of 0.55 g/cm3. The highest and lowest water absorption was measured 79.61 and 45.32% in the modification with HCl and MgCl catalysts. Hcl with acidic quality, can break ether bonds in hemiacetal and even acetal structure. Modification with MgCl2 was shown best result in comparison with other catalysts. It is likely that the formation a complex of magnesium with oxygen, could resulted to activate carbonyl groups in glutaraldehyde and created the crosslink.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
363
375
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19231_982242a0d8c321cfe76e33932357fc8c.pdf
The Effect of Soy-Flour Mesh Size and its Adhesive Acidity Changes on Shear Strength of Plywood
Saman
Ghahri
PhD Student, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
author
Behbood
Mohebby
Associate Professor., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
author
seyed ahmad
mirshokraie
Professor, Department of Chemistry, Payam Nour University, Iran
author
hamidreza
mansouri
Assistant Professor., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Zbol University, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study the effect of soy flour mesh size and the change of adhesive’s acidity made from its on shear strength of plywood was evaluated. For this aim, soy flour particles classified in three levels mesh size (60, 100 and 140 mesh) by ASTM Sieves. Also, the acidity of soy adhesives changed by sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. Results showed that the mesh size of soy flour effected on shear strength of plywood made from soy flour adhesives. The shear strength of plywood made from soy flour with 140 mesh was higher than other specimens. Also, the increase of soy flour adhesive’s acidity by sodium hydroxide resulted in increase of shear strength of plywood. The shear strength of plywood made from soy adhesives compare to plywood made from urea formaldehyde resin was low but it was acceptable according to EN-314 standard.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
377
386
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19233_c7a5e67ee5e67cb03ad0abac9ae6f603.pdf
The effect of altitude on bending creep behavior hornbeam
(Case Study, Nowshahr Meshelak Branch)
valiallah
moosavi
Ph.D. student., Department of wood science and paper technology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
habiballah
khademieslam
Associate professor, Department of wood science and paper technology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
bahzad
bazyar
Assistant Professor, Department of wood science and paper technology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
abdollah
najafi
Associate Professor., Department of wood science and paper technology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran
author
mohammad
Talaeepoor
Assistant Professor, Department of wood science and paper technology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This study aimed to investigation the effect of altitude on the bending creep behavior of hornbeam lumber (Carpinus betuluse). For this purpose, 9 hornbeam trees from three different altitudes (400, 800 and 1100m) from forestry projects of Meshelak Nowshahr were selected. 54 Clear samples were cut at mature wood in diameter breast height (DBH). The prepared samples (dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 41cm) in a room at temperature of 20 C and relative humidity (RH) 65 % were conditioned. Afterward 3 weeks conditioning, relative creep and creep modulus using the four points flexural creep test in 20% maximum of deflection load were measured. Results indicated that, the effects of altitude on creep parameters was significant so as the maximum and the minimum relative creep observed in 800 and 400m altitudes, and the maximum and the minimum creep modulus observed in 400 and 800m altitudes, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that the altitude has significant effect on the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, which in turn caused decreasing the creep parameters.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
387
399
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19234_c796dbc1ff711c1f65fe9bbc3cad11eb.pdf
Effect furfurylation on physical properties and surface quality of two species of Beech and Fir
aysona
talai
Assistant Professor, Wood science & Technology Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
author
mohammadsaleh
zare
M.Sc. Student, Wood science & Technology Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
author
hamideh
abdolzadeh
PhD., Wood science & Technology Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
The objective of this study was investigation of furfurylation effect on water absorption, thickness swelling, contact angle and surface roughness in two species such as beech (Fagus orientalis) and fir (Abies alba). In this regard, two different values of furfurylation of beech and fir wood specimens in the form of low level and high level were carried out and compared with control specimens. The furfurylation was carried out with impregnation under pressure and polymerization of furfuryl alcohol monomer with heat catalyst. For evaluating the water absorption and thickness swelling, specimens were subjected to long-term water immersion, and their dimension changes were determined at different times. The surface roughness and contact angle testes were also carried out. Results indicated that water absorption and thickness swelling were reduced. Results also indicated that drop contact angles were decreased and surface roughness were increased by increasing of furfurylation level.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
400
411
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19235_78a398abe70efbaef7bddb0910265201.pdf
Modification of NSSC pulp broke fibers using layering method and investigating its effect on paper properties
hamidreza
rudi
Assistant professor., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran
author
hasibeh
saeedi
M.Sc. student, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran
author
hossein
kermanian
Assistant professor., Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In the current study, modification of NSSC pulp broke fibers was done by forming starch polymeric multilayers, using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) layering method. After fiber slushing and preparation of pulp suspension with 0.5% consistency and conductivity formation of about 437 µS/cm, adding water solution of 1 mM NaCl, the experiments of fibers treatment were conducted to build the polymeric layers (up to 5 consecutive layers). Afterward, water retention value (WRV) of fibers was calculated in samples to evaluate the influence of this method on fibers hydrophilicity. The fibers were then used to prepare standard handsheets (60±3g/m2) and the physical and strength properties of sheets were evaluated as a function of the number of layers deposited on the fibers. The results showed that the WRV index of the fibers was improved by the LbL treatment of NSSC broke pulp fibers, due to the increase in starch electrostatic absorption. Successive variation in paper apparent density increase and paper thickness decrease confirmed the construction of starch multilayers on the surface of broke fibers. Formation of such multilayers on broke fibers has led to considerable improvement in tensile index (from 13.21 N.m/g to 30.65 N.m/g) and burst index (from 1.23 kPa.m2/g to 2.36 kPa.m2/g). Also, the prepared SEM micrographs approve the sheet web compaction and paper mechanical improvement resulted due to an increase in inter-fiber bonding.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
413
423
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19236_8f129e422cc1c82e83b70e8fbe3f9e5d.pdf
Recognition and rating of effecting indexes on consumption of different sites poplar wood production in Iran for paper making industries
ebrahim
lashkarbolouki
Ph.D student, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
kambiz
pourtahmasi
Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
reza
oladi
Assistant Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
mohsen
kalagari
Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
author
hasan
alizadeh
Ph.D student, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Considering the growth in population, the need for wood consumption also increases. The rapid progress of science and technology doubles the wood consumption. Supplying this need at a glance was focused on the forests. Forests for many reasons have faced decrease in production and this extreme need for wood, by planting fast growing trees (poplar, eucalypt, Paulownia …) makes it possible. One of industries plenty of the wood is paper industry that needs to huge primary wood material. This industry can continue their production activities by using the wood of poplar. This research was found out with the aim of assessing the practical characteristics of poplar wood by nondestructive test method in paper production industry. Poplar sites were selected in areas of country that poplar trees were planted widely. For locating the production of different site in paper industry found out Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Expert choice 11 software. For field studies of this research, the questionnaires were prepared and sent for expert and university professors with special expertise in this industry. The results showed that: Production of Pulp and paper industry: in this industry among of five main indexes influencing in pulp and paper production, fiber morphology trait recognized as first priority with weighting value (0.435). Production allocations with their weighting value are determined: Sari (0.240), Fouman (0.236), Lashtnasha (0.182), Abhar (0.174) and Zanjan (0.168), respectively.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
425
436
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19418_dd620752563c954730dafb72c0f06529.pdf
Study on long term creep of two different types of compressed wood sheets used in library shelves
Saeid
Azimi
M.Sc. student, Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, P.O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Iran
author
Hossein
Rangavar
Associate Professor of Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, P.O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid Reza
Taghiyari
Associate Professor of Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, P.O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, the creep behaviors of composite panels used in library shelves were investigated. For this purpose, two types of wood-composite panels (medium density fiberboard and particleboard), and three types of covering including synthetic laminates, natural veneer, and without cove, and two types of wood joints (fixed and detachable) were used. Dimensions of the book-shelves were in actual shelf size, that is, 1,000 × 300 mm. Totally, 48 shelf specimens were prepared. For the creep test, a 23.5 kg loading level was applied in the center part of the shelves. Measurements on the creep behavior were carried out over 155 days at different intervals. Results indicated that the type of wood-composite as well as the type of veneer had statistically significant effect on the creep behaviors of panels. The lowest creep was observed in MDF panels. Moreover, those panels covered with natural veneer demonstrated significantly lower creep values. The type of joint also had a significant effect on the creeping behavior of the shelves, though not as conspicuous as the type of panels and veneers. Based on the results of the present research project, it is suggested that in order to increase the service life of library shelves it would be better to produce the shelves from MDF panels covered with natural veneers; these shelves should be fixed on supports.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
437
447
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19655_9b416bc019e27a1db563a1fd14555820.pdf
The effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on some of properties of wood plastic composite
Saeed
Ismaeilimoghadam
M.Sc degree of wood composite products, Zabol University and member of Young Researchers and Elite Club, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous
author
masih
Masoudifar
Graduated of M.Sc degree of wood composite products, Zabol University
author
mohammad
shamsian
Assistant Professor of Department of wood and paper, University of Zabol
author
babak
nosrati
Assistant Professor of Department of wood and paper, University of Zabol
author
text
article
2016
per
This research aimed to investigate the effect of chemical treatment of wood flour on some of physical, mechanical and morphological properties of wood plastic composite. Chemical treatment of wood flour at 7 levels without treatment, acetylation, benzoylation, mercerization, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and warm water treatment were considered as variable factors. For evaluate reaction of wood flour with chemical materials, weight percent gain (WPG) were calculated. After chemical treatment, Wood flour and polypropylene with weight ratio of 60 to 40 and 4 per hundred compound (phc) of coupling agent mixed in the extruder device and then the specimens were fabricated by injection molding method. Then mechanical tests Included tensile, flexural and impact strength and physical examination, including water absorption and thickness swelling was performed on specimens according to (ASTM) standard. Also to study the morphology of the composites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results showed that by chemical treatment the mechanical strength increased and physical properties such as water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. Also the highest chemical treatments of wood flour was related to the banzylation treatment. As well as obtained results of scanning electron microscopy was indicate improve in cross linking between fibers and polymeric matrix on effect of chemical treatment, so that in treatment samples exiting of fibers into the matrix not observed.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
449
462
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19835_ec331e9f0dbb28035af2cb3114c65e10.pdf
A novel method for cellulose modification in aqueous media via alkoxysilane chemistry
Fereshteh
Fadavi
Ph.D. student of University of Tehran, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of wood and Paper
author
Ali
Abdolkhani
department of pulp and paper thecnology, faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran
author
Yahya
Hamzeh
Department of wood and paper technology, faculty of natural resources, university college of agricultural sciences and matural resources, university of Tehran
author
Hubert
Hettegger
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources.
author
Thomas
Rosenau
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources (BOKU), Austria
author
text
article
2016
per
Surface modification of cellulose, as the world’s most abundant polymer, plays an important role in sustainable chemistry. Microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, was modified by an alkoxysilane under mild conditions in water, at room temperature and with a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide. (3-Mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane in three concentrations 535, 1074, 1614 µmol/mL (100, 200, 300 µL of silane, respectively) was grafted onto cellulose, then the modified cellulose was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy as well as solid state 13C NMR and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Increasing the concentration of the alkoxysilane from 353 to 1074 µmol/mL increased the ratio of siloxane bridges with the cellulose backbone, while by increasing the silane concentration from 1074 to 1614 µmol/mL, has inhanced the ratio of polysiloxane bridges relative to covalent links with the cellulose backbone from 34% to 66%.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
463
474
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_19849_aae1e13be856c4b826aa5d749f3b4d84.pdf
assessment of environmental impacts in comfortable furniture production process using life cycle assessment (LCA) technique
hejhar
abbasi
MSc. student, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
hamid
Zarea Hosseinabadi2
Assistant Professor, Technology of Wood- based Composites, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
hossein
Mousazadeh
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2016
per
Furniture industry releases annually a large amount of volatile organic compound to the environment due to the use of adhesives, textiles, paints and coating materials. There are some different methods to measure the load of pollutions and the environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the best techniques. LCA is a technique in which all environmental impacts related to a product assessed all over its life cycle, from cradle to grave, and ultimately can be used to improve the production process and to prevent unsuitable environmental impacts. In summary, it can be concluded that the use of this technique is the basis for sustainable development and improving social, economic, and environmental indices. This study focused on the collecting of a comprehensive life cycle inventory data for comfortable furniture in two different production processes (B1 and B2) located in Tehran province, and analyzed the environmental impacts during the production process as gate to gate investigation. The results revealed that emissions in production process B1 were higher than that of production process B2. The reason for this is that basic operations such as sawing and frame assembling along with final operation have been done in the same unit for case B1. Textile production and usage, and polyurethane foam were identified as the main hotspots, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that comfortable furniture production process has the highest effects on ecosystem quality, human health, and resources (fossil fuels and mines), respectively.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
475
485
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_22300_ecb88b3845a15e37a9d57b5117e6bea9.pdf
Cover page
text
article
2016
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_23479_edc5cd74d80ee6a074decba098ff2dc3.pdf
Abstract
text
article
2016
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
3
no.
2016
321
334
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_23481_e18778dc6f6dd33896afd121fb26d859.pdf