A Study on Creep Behavior of a Wood Flour-Polypropylene-Nanoclay Hybrid Composite
Behzad
Kord
Assistant Professor, Department of Paper and Packaging Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran.
author
amin
sheikholeslami
MSc Graduate , Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran.
author
abdollah
najafi
Associate Professor, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, the effect of nanoclay particles content on creep behavior of wood flour/polypropylene composite was investigated. To meet this objective, wood flour was mixed with polypropylene at 60 % by weight fiber loading. The concentration was varied as 0, 3 and 5 per hundred compounds (phc) for nanoclay. The amount of coupling agent (PP-g-MA) was fixed at 2 phc for all formulations. The samples were made by melt compounding and injection molding. Firstly, the modulus of elasticity, flexural and tensile strength of composites was measured before performing the creep test. Then, the short term flexural and tensile creep test at 20% of ultimate bending load at 12 min was performed. The morphology of the nanocomposites has been examined by using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicated that the creep deflection, relative creep and creep factor increases with increase of nanoclay up to 3 phc and then decreases with 5 phc nanoclay addition. Also, the effect of nanoclay was positive in terms of enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites. The morphological studies with XRD and TEM revealed that nanoclay distributed as intercalation structure in polymer matrix.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
1
12
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_12539_969e7eae7a01dd5eb97f6660f6be9fd9.pdf
Determination of effective criteria on development of RTA Furniture Industry in Iran
hosein
omidi
M.Sc. Student, Department of Wood Industries Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
author
mohammad
ghofrani
Associate Professor, Department of Wood Industries Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
author
mohsen
ziyai
Secreary of Iran Furniture Manufacturers and Exporters Union, Tehran, Iran.
author
nematollah
mohebi
Ph.D. Student, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Ready to assemble furniture industry in Iran has not been considered by practitioners and investors as it is known in the other countries. While, it is possible to achive the many competitive advantage, if this industry develop in Iran. With regard to this issue, the goal of this study is to introduce the potential market for ready to assemble furniture and determination and prioritize of the effective criteria on development of Iran ready to assemble furniture industry. For this purpose, after preliminary investigation and interview with some of the furniture producers and relevant experts, the identified criteria were divided into five major groups as Economic, Management, Marketing & Sales, Technical-Technological and Infrastructure and as well as 42 sub-criteria. The hierarchy of these criteria was designed and then the weighting values of criteria and sub-criteria were determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by expert choice software. The results indicated that the management and marketing & sales criteria have the highest weighting values at the first level. In addition, among the effective sub-criteria, the criteria as marketing innovation, design innovation, operations management, logistics management, raw materials innovation and product promotion, have the highest priorities for development of ready to assemble furniture industry in Iran.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
13
32
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_12855_461918a08f7cb88dfe73933312887a46.pdf
Effect of Dispersion and Bleaching on the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Deinked Recycled Pulp
yahya
hamzeh
Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,Iran.
author
hamed
sharifi taskouh
Graduated MSc., Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
hamidreza
rudi
Assistant Professor, Cellulose and Paper Technology Department, New Technologies and Energy Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Iran.
author
shadman
pourmousa
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study the effects of oxidative bleaching and mechanical dispersion in different conditions on the optical and mechanical properties of deinked recycled pulp was investigated. Industrial deinked pulp was treated in the different conditions, including dispersion, combined oxidative bleaching during dispersion, and separate dispersion and then oxidative bleaching. Handsheet papers were made from obtained pulps and then scanned and taken photos were analyzed by Digimizer software, version 4.1.1.0 to analysis spot content. Optical and mechanical properties of obtained handsheets were determined and compared. Results indicated that mechanical dispersion decreased spot content and brightness and increased yellowing of the handsheets. Moreover, mechanical dispersion increased dry and wet tensile and burst strengths, water retention value (WRV), ash content and decreased tear strength of handsheet papers. This study revealed that combined dispersing and oxidative bleaching of de-inked pulp provided superior results in comparison to the separate dispersing and oxidative bleaching.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
33
41
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_12982_517f752a52e27f64579ae948adadfb17.pdf
Evalution Prosopis juliflora(Somr) potential in Kraft Pulping
ABBAS
fAKHRYAN ROGHANI
Head of Wood and Paper Chemistry Laboratory / Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
author
Rasool
yazdani
M.Sc in Pulp and Paper Industries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, province: Golestan, Iran.
author
Ali
Ghasemian
Associate Prof. in Pulp and Paper Industries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, province: Golestan, Iran.
author
Hosain
Resalati
Prof. Dept. of Pulp and Paper Sciences and Technology, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Abstract In this research, physical, biometrical and chemical properties of Prosopis juliflora wood and then physical and mechanical properties of kraft pulp from aforesaid species were investigated and calculated. Dry and critical densities of Prosopis juliflora are 0.806 and 0.696 g/〖cm〗^3 respectively. Fiber length 895µm and cellulose 48.80%, lignin 23.66%, extractions 3.88%, ash 1.1% were measured. The preparation conditions of kraft pulp were included: effective alkaline 14, 16 and 18%, cooking time 120 and 180 min., temperature of cooking 170 and 180 ˚C and L/W ratio 5 to 1. After calculating the amounts of yield and kappa number of pulps, two treatments were determined. The freeness of two pulps was achieved approximately 400 (CSF) by refining. Then, physical and mechanical properties of the handsheets were calculated. Finally, statistical analysis of pulp and handsets data were performed by completely randomized factorial, duncan and T-test methods. The results showed that the handsheets resulted from produced kraft pulp under conditions: effective alkaline 18%, cooking time 120 min, cooking temperature 180 ˚C, had better mechanical properties. The investigation results showed that Prosopis juliflora of south zone of the country has suitable properties for kraft pulp preparation in comparison to other similar hard wood species and development of its planting, was recommended in the zone.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
43
54
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_13790_12960db6eb5b2c07e331d068c7212f5f.pdf
Optimization of properties of cement-bonded particleboard manufactured from cotton stalk and sawdust containing calcium chloride CaCl2 as an additive
morteza
nazerian
Associate professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
author
vajiheh
sadeghi panah
MSc., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, University of Zabol, Iran.
author
rahim
mohebi gargari
Trainer, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, University of Zabol, Iran.
author
babak
nosrati sheshkal
Assistant professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
The aim of this study was investigation of hydration behavior and mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboard manufactured from different ratio of cotton stalk to poplar wood particle, sawdust content and CaCl2 as additive at different weight ratios. At the first, curing time of cement paste containing different amount of additive (CaCl2) and wood and cotton fines was determined. Besides, the effect of additive (CaCl2) content, weight ratio of cotton to poplar wood particles and percentage of sawdust on modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) of cement-bonded particleboard was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). In order to optimize the properties of panels, a mathematical model equation (second order plan) was done by a computer simulation program. According to results, there is a good coincidence between predicted values and actual values (R2 for MOR, MOE and IB was 0.93, 0.90 and 0.95, respectively). This study showed that the response surface methodology (RSM) can be effectively used for modeling of panel properties. Results showed that using weight ratio of cotton to poplar particle 43:57 the MOR, MOE and IB of panels can be reached to maximum values (12.5, 2545 and 0.35 MPa, respectively). Simultaneously, application of 4.5% additive and 9% sawdust at had a positive effect on the properties of the panels.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
55
68
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_13891_c4617e781579744a222a91c1e150eec6.pdf
The influence of type of calcium carbonate fillers on the performance AKD and mechanical properties of printing and writing paper
mohammad taghi
manghuli
Assistant Professor Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
author
ghasem
AsadpurAtoei
M.Sc., Pulp and Paper, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
author
noorodin
nazarnezhad
Associate Professor., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
author
seyed majid
zabih zadeh
Associate Professor., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Department of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
This study aimed at evaluating effect of sizing agent and various fillers on properties of printing and writing paper. Therefore, sizing agent (AKD) in 1.5% level and fillers including precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and Obtained from Water Treatment Process (SCC)in 30% level were applied based on dry weight of fibers in furnish consisted of 80% chemical-mechanical pulp (CMP) of hardwood and 20% bleach softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) according to TAPPI Standard. In order to investigate the effect of sizing agent and various fillers, papers with 60 g/m2 basis weight were produced from each treatment. Results showed that the dimensional properties of calcium carbonate species is effective on strength properties of paper. Of the three types of ground calcium carbonate (GCC), precipitated (PCC) and softening calcium carbonate (SCC), precipitated calcium carbonate due to smaller particles cause a further reduction in paper strength and Calcium carbonate from water softening due to the larger particles, had a minimal impact in reducing the paper strength properties. Paper filled with precipitated calcium carbonate has an intermediate strength properties of paper filled with precipitated calcium carbonate and softening calcium carbonate.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
69
77
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14080_c2f8e69c0a54a76977631cc31fba4569.pdf
The mechanical properties of Acer velutinum var. glabrescens wood growing in different regions of Caspian forests
fardad
golbabaei
M.Sc., Wood and Wood Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ghanbar
Ebrahimi
Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
The major engineering properties of Acer velutinum var. glabrescens wood growing in different regions of Caspian forests (North of Iran) was determined. Test materials were selected randomly from Acer velutinum var. glabrescens tree plantation and the test specimens were prepared according to ASTM D-143 standard. Mechanical and physical properties were measured on both green and air-dried samples (12% moisture content). The results of the measurement were statistically analyzed based on randomized block design and factorial experiment. The influence of specimen locations at different stem heights was examined. Based on the results of this study, Significant areas of habitat in the area, Maple Vysr Mazandaran species most resistant of the Maple Sangdeh Frame has the lowest resistance. Keywords: Maple, statice bending, compression parallel to grain, compression perpendicular to grain, tension perpendicular to grain, Acer velutinum var. glabrescens.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
79
90
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14255_b340fa8e965dbffbfd2eba242c47f570.pdf
The effect of biodegradable coatings on the barrier properties of papers
rouzbeh
asadi khansari
PhD Student at Gorgan University of Natural Resources, Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Lecturer, Technical & Vocational Faculty of Someesara
author
mohammadreza
Dehghani Firouzabadi
Department of pulp and paper industry, PhD, Wood and Paper Industry, Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
hossein
resalati
Department of pulp and paper industry, PhD, Wood and Paper Industry, Professor, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2016
per
The objective of this work was to compare barrier property of biodegradable coatings on two base papers. Two different paper grades differing in structure (Kraft liner and printing & writing papers) were used. The papers are made in Mazandaran wood and paper industry. Coating materials with 30% solid content, included clay (100 parts) and cationic starch (12 parts), and they were mixed with two binders (PLA 10 parts and PVA 10 parts) for two formulations. The immersion method in both levels 1 and 2 minutes and two coating formulations were applied on papers. Then, the treated samples were dried in standard conditions of temperature (25◦C) and 54% humidity in the room. For that purpose, air resistance or porosity, thickness, mass, and Cobb60 were determined. As expected, time of treatment, reduced porosity and increased coating weight, but in terms of barrier properties, combination containing PVA was more effective than PLA. In comparison to the control group, all the treated samples had higher air resistance and water absorption, which the increment of water absorption is due to increased capillary in texture paper. The analysis of results showed that the immersion coating factors had considerable effects on performance of air resistance improvement and coating weight of papers. Then, calculated values of the thickness and density of coating were evaluated, which confirmed the status of water absorption. The treatments greatly increased the wettability of the surface by water.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
91
101
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14257_0cdb2574da187d79f07d92f81b0f63a0.pdf
Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bagasse/Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Hybrid Composites
Mehdi
Roohani
Assistant Professor, Department of Paper and Packaging, Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran.
author
behzad
kord
Assistant Professor, Department of Paper and Packaging, Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
This work aims to evaluate the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of bagasse/glass fiber/polypropylene hybrid composites. Composites were prepared by the melt compounding method and their properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DSC results found that with incorporation of bagasse and glass fiber the melting temperature (Tm) and the crystallisation temperature (Tc) shift to higher temperatures and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) increase. These findings suggest that the fibers played the role of a nucleating agent in composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that by the incorporation of bagasse and glass fiber into polypropylene, the storage modulus ( ) and the loss modulus ( ) increase whereas the mechanical loss factor (tanδ) decrease. To assess the effect of reinforcement with increasing temperature, the effectiveness coefficient C was calculated at different temperature ranges and revealed that, at the elevated temperatures, improvement of mechanical properties due to the presence of fibers was more noticeable. The fiber-matrix adhesion efficiency determined by calculating of adhesion factor A in terms of the relative damping of the composite (tan δc) and the polymer (tan δp)and volume fraction of the fibers (Фf). Calculated adhesion factor A values indicated that by adding glass fiber to bagasse/polypropylene system, the fiber-matrix adhesion improve. Hybrid composite containing 25% bagasse and 15% glass fiber showed better fiber-matrix adhesion.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
103
114
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14273_32281dc8915e4cdd5663be44803cfbf1.pdf
Study on Adhesion Strength of clear Coatings in Beech -Furfuryl alcohol wood polymer
Aisona
Talaei
Assistant Professor, Department of Wood science & Technology, Civil Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
author
mohammadsaleh
zare
MSc Student, Department of Wood science & Technology, Civil Engineering Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
author
hamideh
abdolzadeh
PhD. Department of Wood science & Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Furfurylation treatment on adhesion strength of clear coatings and surface roughness of Beech (Fagus orientalis) wood. Furfurylation of specimens were performed by impregnation and heat catalyze up to 20% and 65% weight percent gain. Half of the specimens coated with acid catalyst paint and half of them coated with polyurethane based paint. Surface roughness and adhesion strength (Pull-off) and cross-hatch cutter test were analysed and compared to untreated specimens. Results revealed that 20% furfurylated specimens did not show significant difference in roughness and adhesion strength, compared to untreated control. But 65% furfurylated specimens caused decline in adhesion strength and raise in surface roughness. Polyurethane based paint had better efficiency and adhesion strength than acid catalyst paint. The highest adhesion strength observed in 20% furfurylated specimens coated with polyurethane and the least obtained in 65% furfurylated wood coated with acid catalyst paint.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
115
127
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14653_6d49563fb5a299af03f66af3018cb366.pdf
Effect of Hot water and dilute acid pretreatment on the chemical properties of liquorice root
zahra
takzare
MSc. Student, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Savad koh, Mazandaran, Iran.
author
hossein
kermanian
Assistant professor, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Savad koh, Mazandaran, Iran.
author
omid
ramezani
Assistant professor, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Savad koh, Mazandaran, Iran.
author
Esmaeil
Rasooly Garmaroody
Assistant professor, Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab campus, Savad koh, Mazandaran, Iran.
author
Ali
Abdolkhani
Associated professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology , Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Abstract In this study, the liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that was extracted in the factory in Kerman province, pre-hydrolyzed and then chemical compositions (Extractives, Lignin content, Holocellulose percent), the hydrolysis process yield and weight loss of the waste was measured. Pre-hydrolysis process was done on the above mentioned waste by hot water, hot water followed by 0.5 percent sulfuric acid and also alone sulfuric acid with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent) The samples were pre-hydrolyzed in hot water at 150 °C and 30, 60 and 90 minutes as well as in the mixture of hot water and 0.5 % sulfuric acid at 150 °C and 60 minutes and also in pure sulfuric acid, at 130 °C and at 60 minutes. The results showed that the pre-hydrolyzed treatment with hot water in 60 minutes had been favorable performance in the respect of weight loss, lignin content and holocellulose percent. Also, in the case of pre-treatment including sulfuric acid, 2% dose can be good selected option in term of maximum holocellulose percent and minimum lignin content so that it can be suggested to produce higher value-added products such as bioethanol from licorice root bid.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
129
140
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14711_e68825a44ae41e17575b05741770a13c.pdf
Analysis of Location Quotient index of poplar wood processing value chain in Iran
omid
hosseinzadeh
Assistant professor, Urmia University, Natural resources faculty, Iran.
author
Marzieh
Hajjarian
Assistant professor, Urmia University, Natural resources faculty, Iran.
author
Samira
Porbar
Msc student, Urmia University, Natural resources faculty, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Value added in the poplar wood value chain has great economic effects for poplar farmers and have a fundamental role in sustainable supplying of required cellulosic materials of industries in long-term. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value chain of poplar and use the results to improve it. In order to determine the poplar value chain, Porter's value chain analysis framework was used. The statistical society consists of 76 experts to identify poplar wood value who were active in different parts of the value chain. Value chain analysis was performed using the location quotient index. With this method the local economic conditions of poplar wood value chain were evaluated to the global economic conditions poplar wood value chain in the country. With the help of experts and using a questionnaire, important industries that use poplar wood as a raw material were determined. The maximum poplar value chain location quotient index was blong to Golestan (2.72) and the minimum poplar value chain location quotient index was blong to Hormozgan (0.24). The Northern provinces (Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran) had the highest location quotient index. The location quotient index of the poplar wood value chain of Golestan, Guilan and Mazandaran were 2.72, 2.19 and 2.03, respectively. The location quotient index of poplar wood in Zanjan, West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan that they are major manufacturers of poplar wood, were 0.36, 0.47 0.65 and 0.84, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
141
154
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_14769_a203d025650deba602af6b03ff8fbb13.pdf
Cover page
text
article
2016
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20305_2e5c28aecb6f748bc0220ed37d94508d.pdf
Abstacts
text
article
2016
per
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Iranian Scientific Association of Wood and Paper Industries
2008-9066
7
v.
1
no.
2016
155
167
https://www.ijwp.ir/article_20306_680b417ff4d98040e906c0d663d5d5ca.pdf